Wofford v. Evans Essay Example

Wofford v. Evans Essay Example Wofford v. Evans Essay Wofford v. Evans Essay This case provides elaboration on the right to due process of a student while being detained by school and police authorities in search for a weapon in the school premises to ensure the safety and protect the lives of children entrusted to the care of school officials. The decision basically notes that parental notification is not requisite to due process.Case SummaryJennifer Wofford, mom to ten-year old M.D., filed an appeal at the U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit on the district court’s dismissal of her lawsuit against the Botentourt County School Board and Sheriff’s Department as represented by Principal Rita Evans and Associate Principal Erika Rosa of the Colonial Elementary School, including Detective Jason Markham and others. Wofford claims that M.D.’s rights to due process and freedom from unlawful seizures have been violated by the school and the county sheriff. This issue has arisen, when M.D.’s classmates reported to their teacher that M.D. brought a gun in school on the eve of Thanksgiving in 2001. M.D.’s teacher called the associate principal’s attention and thus, Erika Rosa questioned M.D. regarding the gun. M.D. permitted Rosa to search her book bag and her classroom desk but the assistant principal did not find any weapon. On the Monday following Thanksgiving, Principal Evans and Rosa continued the investigation among M.D. and her classmates. While M.D. denied the allegation, several attested that M.D. did brought a gun and one classmate, Josh Bane said that M.D. threw a black handgun into the woods near the school. Concerned, Evans and Rosa called the police and so three detectives came by mid-morning. The detectives questioned M.D.’s classmates and then M.D. who continued to deny having brought a gun to school. After sweeping the campus grounds, the detectives failed to find any gun.Salient Points of the CaseThe Appellate Court affirmed the district court with the following reasons: 1) †Å"School officials must have the leeway to maintain order on school premises and secure a safe environment in which learning can flourish.† For this, the appellate court pointed out: â€Å"when school officials constitutionally seize a student for suspected criminal activity and transmit the basis for their suspicion to the police, any continued detention of the pupil by the police is necessarily justified in its incipience.† The appellate court further explains: â€Å"when the justification for the original detention includes a concern that also warrants police involvement, no violation of the Fourth Amendment occurs if the police detain the pupil while they allay this concern.† 2) â€Å"Imposing a rigid duty of parental notification or a per se rule against detentions of a specified duration would eviscerate the ability of administrators to meet the remedial exigencies of the moment.† For this, the appellate court pointed out that: â€Å"the Constitutio n does not impose a duty of parental notification before the pupils disciplinary detainment while such school guardianship persists.†Supporting LawsThe following major jurisprudences support the case: 1) Bd. of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 570, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972) which states that â€Å"the range of interests protected by procedural due process is not infinite.† 2) Terry, 392 U.S. at 30, 88 S.Ct. 1868 which essentially says that: â€Å"law enforcement officers may depart from the procedural strictures of the Fourth Amendment when they reasonably conclude ‘that criminal activity may be afoot.’†Concurring or Dissenting Opinions:There are no concurring or dissenting opinions in this case as Judges Williams and Titus unanimously joined Judge Wilkinson’s opinion.ReferencesWest Publishing. (n.d.). â€Å"390 F.3d 318 November 19, 2004.† The Federal Reporter Volume 390 3rd Edition. Retrieved August 4, 2009, from http://bulk. resource.org/courts.gov/c/F3/390/390.F3d.318.03-2209.html

revolution in america essays

revolution in america essays Discuss the validity of this statement Despite the view of many historians that the conflict between Great Britain and her thirteen North American colonies, was economic in origin, in fact the American Revolution had its roots in politics and in other areas of American life. I agree with this statement that the American Revolution had its roots politics, economics, and in other aspects of American life. The populas of the thirteen colonies did not find the need to stage a revolution just because of any one of these things, it took different aspects of each, being tainted with by the British monarch and Parliment to stage a revolution against a former motherland. As Thomas Jefferson so boldly stated in the Declaration of Independence, "When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of earth, the seperate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinion of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation." Thomas Jefferson then goes on to explain the colonies grievences that come from the of the colonies politics, economics, and way of life. The American Revolution started when the first colonists stepped foot on American soil, and lasted over a century and a half. Most of the people who came to settle in the New World from England came to avoid persecution, wether it be religious, or other. When colonists finally arrived in America after the horrid voyage from England, they became discontented, and already felt separate from the English Government. The young New World matured and aquired privledges of self-government, privledges that colonies on different continents did not recieve, this was a problem ...

WGS341 MIDTERM LONG ESSAY QUESTION Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WGS341 MIDTERM LONG QUESTION - Essay Example y, poor women, women of color, and immigrant women have continued to experience gender bias in accessing equal education, voting, employment, and remuneration (American Civil Liberties Union 1). Moreover, lesbians and bisexual women encounter significant discrimination in the society compared to heterosexual women. As such, women’s rights rely on differences between women in the society. Most assuredly, different women in different classes approach women’s struggle in diverse ways. We have middle ­class women who seek professional jobs and equal employment opportunities. On the other hand, we have proletarian women who integrate with men to offer cheap labor for the sake of surviving the competition in the society. Sexuality is a significant aspect in the society. As such, sexuality is a challenging subject to discuss especially with respect to addressing women affairs. Ideally, sexuality relates to sexual orientation, sex, and gender identities. Individuals experience their sexuality through their thoughts, beliefs, actions, values, and conduct (Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange 1). As such, considering sexuality in the workplace is very crucial since it presents and explains the economic inequalities experienced by individuals based on their sexuality. Numerous inequalities relate to sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression in the society. For example, various states establish laws that legalize discrimination based on sexual orientation like gays and transgender. Indeed, the Williams Institute established that about 40% of all openly lesbian, gay, or bisexual employees experienced discrimination or harassment at work in 2011 (Baird-R emba 1). Moreover, considering sexuality helps in determining the position of different people in the society. For example, the society refers to lesbians, gays, and gender variant people as inverts. These people experience discrimination in the work place. As such,

The Way We Were (1973) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Way We Were (1973) - Essay Example Love of literature and love of political affairs, apparently, are two distinct worlds with which Morosky and Gardner are especially drawn as lovers who struggle to resolve huge differences yet find themselves growing apart and wearied by human nature of holding on to individual professions and sense of individualism. â€Å"The Way We Were† emerges to embody a film that demonstrates how complex dimensions of history and philosophical culture of arguments may give birth to love which later finds itself walking out of the conflict with which it is built. At the onset, it is rather less difficult to assume possibility that forces of attraction could govern between Katie and Hubbell as college students of the 30s who initiate with the point of gaining interest over something peculiar or strange given that it is normal for their youth to understand complements as well as the tendencies of fascination and fondness attached with them. So, basically, this is the type of setting that prevails as a typical WASP encounters a Young Communist League member as if two distinct worlds settle to satisfy curiosities of each other in the hope of discovering further wonders that are established by the opposites. Hence, the way each one is becomes an object of consideration for the other to the extent that in the real time of love, individual temperaments are set aside. Certainly, this stage must take place in a film that is expected to justify its romantic theme, thus, with some degree of success Katie and Hubbell necessitates a formal bond. Beyond marriage, however, remains a question of intrinsic priority and stronger yearning to proceed with the essentials left behind without proper closure. In the story, Gardner could not help the desire to become a Hollywood screenwriter for which Morosky expresses fervent disagreement. Eventually, the opposites are too sharp to handle, no longer constituting the character that

Media and Organizations that influence Politics Essay

Media and Organizations that influence Politics - Essay Example On both sides of political wall the United States, the web appears to be a developing field for arranging and voicing contradiction. However our political organizations are fairly altogether dug in thus long as there isnt assembly for emotional social transform theyre very impervious to the incremental requests of discontents. Historically this has regularly been generally advantageous, and the intrinsically deliberative nature of our presidential framework doesnt generally fit quick political change. Yet, as conventional associations are undermined by their own particular delay to adjust, innovative deficiency, and enactment focusing on them, the inquiry remains exactly how Americans ought to impact their lawmakers more oftentimes than with every new decision cycle. The capability to sort out individuals productively, rapidly, semi-secretly and without dependence on conventional media has absolutely altered individuals capacity to act politically, it is not so certain what amount of this capability has affected the structures of bringing on institutional change. A mass of bodies, firm requests and the influence to compel foundations to offer into those requests appears to be as discriminating as ever. The United States’ media in is manned by the private division and confronts no political control by the administration. There is a solid custom of autonomous daily papers, magazines, TV, radio, and different manifestations of media publicizing changing assessments, both basic and steady of government arrangement. The media serves no less than three vital capacities in affecting open arrangement. Initially, arrangement producers are under consistent examination by the far reaching media industry. Open authorities understand that just about whatever thing they do or utter even in secrete can show up in the media,

A short story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A short story - Essay Example In those days messages were received and delivered through telegram. Joe learns that his wife is very ill and would not be able to make it till the end of the day. On receiving another telegram he refuses to open it. He later tears the telegram off without reading it because he is afraid to receive bad news. He wants his wife to stay alive. Such is the emotional torture of the short story The Little Wife. Set in an imaginary place in Alabama called Reedyville, The Little Wife, is a lyrical account of the human afflictions. It is reasonably a thespian start when Joe learns of his wife’s sickness. When he receives the telegram and is told that it was waiting for him for two hours, he is not only unable to overcome the news of his wife’s ill-health but also the fact that he was laughing away sharing old stories with the buyer when it must have been waiting for him. This disbelief creates a sense of guilt even in the reader but with an aspect of accusation for Joe. March describes the moment of the arrival of the second telegram rather dramatically. Joe feels â€Å"weak and slightly nauseated† while the unopened telegram is clenched in his hand (March, 1935). The suspense gets on the readers nerves while March allows Joe’s situation to settle in. He hides his fears but he is noticeable by the brakeman who inquires if he is doing fine. March’s candid sty le and the illusory precision of theme give the story an edge over any other writer of his time. He is capable of reflecting the emotions of a heart-wrenched man who is resisting discovering the truth knowing that it may be a strong possibility. As he sees Mrs. Thompkins dressed in black on the other side of the fence, he is still in the denial phase. He waves at her vivaciously acting against his will, trying his best to win cards with nature. March portrays a one-sided picture of a man struggling to reach out to his soul mate who is

Writer's choice but i would like anything about technology Essay

Writer's choice but i would like anything about technology - Essay Example , assigns to the bigger Association of Waldorf Schools of North America (AWSNA) in the portrayal for its thinking of instructing to the "heart and hands" of its pupils, and for the Waldorf School of the Peninsula in Silicon Valley, the procedure eliminates the usage of technology through the perspective of communication, with the help of its anti-screens from their daily school routine, announcement. Advocates for this thinking discard technology in learning, by appealing that it prevents inventiveness, human interface and perhaps, care for more creative doings, which actions such schools describe as bodily drive, and inventive hands-on initiatives. For the Waldorf School of the Peninsula, whose followers comprise kinfolks of some of the more known high tech firms in Silicon Valley, their assignment was solely to nurture the total personality of their students with its biodynamic orchard and expansive schoolrooms, but built with the solid purpose â€Å"to offer an instructive substitute that encompassed the transcendent and were not inclined to discard but moved past technology," as elucidated in their website. While all advocates for pragmatic education are not contrasting with the essentials according to learning benefits, and standards for practice of instruction outfits such as technology in the schoolroom, Waldorf Schools keep away themselves all the more from the conventional, through describing some facets of educational responsiveness, such as technology, as not desirable within the dominion of the students daily assignments , but also through scientific reflection during a students whole presentation. Waldorf does not approve nor governs homogeneous testing and depresses the procedure of categorizing student accomplishment over counting on any math or reading program, an assessment that is required to be articulated intuitively. In a society in which adolescent education is a requirement and higher education is advisable, school systems flourish with