Allan Pinkerton and His Detective Agency

Allan Pinkerton and His Detective Agency Allan Pinkerton (1819-1884) never intended to be a spy. So how did he become the founder of one of the most respected detective agencies in America?   Immigrating to America Born in Scotland, August 25, 1819, Allan Pinkerton was a cooper, or barrel-maker.. He immigrated to the United States in 1842 and settled near Chicago, Illinois. He was an industrious man and quickly realized that working for himself would be a much better proposition for himself and family. After some searching, he moved to a town called Dundee that was in need of a cooper and quickly gained control of the market because of his superior quality barrels and low prices. His desire to continually improve his business actually led him down the path to being a detective. Catching Counterfeiters Allan Pinkerton realized that good quality raw materials for his barrels were easily obtained on a small deserted island close to town. He decided that instead of paying others to provide him with the materials, he would travel to the island and get it himself. However, once he got to the island, he saw signs of habitation. Knowing that there were some counterfeiters in the area, he surmised this could be the hideout that had long eluded officials. He teamed up with the local sheriff to stake out the camp. His detective work led to the arrest of the band. The local townspeople then turned to him for help in arresting the ringleader of the band. His natural abilities eventually allowed him to track down the culprit and bring the counterfeiters to justice. Founding His Own Detective Agency In 1850, Allan Pinkerton founded his detective agency based on his own incorruptible principles. His values became the cornerstone of a respected agency that still exists today. His reputation preceded him during the Civil War. He headed the organization responsible for spying on the confederacy. At wars end, he went back to running the Pinkerton Detective Agency until his death on July 1, 1884. At his death the agency continued to operate and would soon become a major force against the young labor movement developing in the United States of America. In fact, this effort against labor tarnished the image of the Pinkertons for years. They always maintained the high moral standards established by their founder, but many people began to view them as an arm of big business. They were involved in numerous activities against labor and during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pullman Strike (1894)The Wild Bunch Gang (1896)Ludlow Massacre (1914) Many labor sympathizers accused the Pinkertons of inciting riots as a means of keeping employment or for other nefarious purposes. Their reputation was harmed by their protection of scabs and business property of the major industrialists including Andrew Carnegie. However, they managed to last through all of the controversy and still thrive today as SECURITAS.

Top tips for smart email - Emphasis

Top tips for smart email Top tips for smart email Its easy to think of email as an electronic form chatting, but to do so can be dangerous. For instance, you may say something in email that you would never put in a letter. Yet in law they may amount to the same thing. At the very least, email has a permanence that a chance remark made over a cup of coffee never would. Email is also easy to misinterpret, lacking the visual clues (a smile, a wink) of face-to-face conversations. And you may never know if what you write provokes a strong emotional and potentially damaging response. For this reason, email is best suited for simple communications, such as: scheduling meetings updates easy-to-solve problems minutes. It is not suitable for: emotive issues complicated issues criticism. Anything that is likely to get an emotive response is best done face-to-face (difficult though that may be), or at least with a memo or letter. Why? Well just imagine youre giving someone bad news. The last thing you want to do is provoke them to blow their top in a counter email or even to send an angry email to other people. Cut the clutter Most people complain of getting too many emails. But there are ways to cut down on the number of messages you and your colleagues receive. Here are some tips: Distribute each message only to people who really must see it avoid copying to other people for information. Unsubscribe to e-zines and email newsletters if you never read them. (NB. Dont do this with spam see below.) Set up filters to file or delete particular types of email automatically. Never reply to unsolicited spam to ask to be removed from a mailing list: many unscrupulous companies use this to verify email addresses before spamming them even more. Never use email for complex issues pick up the phone instead. Likewise, avoid emotive topics like appraisals or requests for a pay rise. These are far better dealt with face-to-face.

The Personal and Professional Development of Students Essay

The Personal and Professional Development of Students - Essay Example My decision to appeal is mainly motivated by the fact that it has always been my cherished desire to pursue my higher academic qualifications from the university. The university is renowned for its personalized and excellent academic programs that significantly contribute to the personal and professional development of students. I strongly believe that my consistent high grade of 3.89 GPA in the academic programs and nomination to the Dean’s list would be a vital element in the reconsideration process. Moreover, last fall, I was not able to complete pre-calculus class (Math 43) due to ill health which was probably an important factor in my rejection. The calculus sequence would be completed by the summer, thus fulfilling all major requirements for the transfer. I am a self-driven individual with a passion for learning and tend to use paradoxical thinking to seek an innovative solution to mundane problems. I have actively participated in the Honors Program and Phi Theta Kappa t o push myself to a higher limit and motivate peers. Most importantly, the various modules of the course curricula are designed to provide persons with a strong knowledge-based degree which would facilitate more efficient and accurate decision-making process in the professional field in the area of economics and management. This would considerably complement my basic inquisitive nature and empower me with skills and information that can be applied to current situations and areas within personal and professional lives. I sincerely believe that the degree programs would be the right choice for me and help me realize my dreams and meet the challenges of time with great success.

Advanced Management and Design in Yotsuba Group Assignment

Advanced Management and Design in Yotsuba Group - Assignment Example Before the implementation of this type of network, this report acknowledges the fact that there are two types of networks that will be implemented in this setting. The report proposes that the company adopts a wired and wireless type of network system infrastructure (Akyildiz, Wang, & Wang 2005, p 123). This organization is highly reliant on a computer network. The downtime cost may be extremely high. The information technology department will be responsible for the maintenance and upgrades of the computer network (Biswas & Morris 2004, p 234). The greatest concern with the implementation of a wireless network is the security that will need to be implemented when installing an enterprise wireless LAN. Therefore, this document is aimed at providing a technical guidance to Yotsuba Group for the proposed deployment for the Wireless LAN (WLAN) Other floors will contain an equal population. Since the organization has a population of 290 employees, the network designers will work on the assumption that each floor will have an approximate number of 40 employees per floor. It will also be impossible to set individual offices for these employees, therefore, they will have an open office which will be structured in the following way; Each flow will have a design that will approximate;y have the same capacity. They will be wired and wireless connections to facilitate those employees who choose to come to work with their own computing devices. The figure below represents the cubicle arrangement that will accommodate four individuals. This, therefore, means that there will be 10 such cubicles in one flow with both a wired connection and wireless connections. The following questions were important before the deployment of the wireless network connection that would fit the needs of the 8 floor newly acquired Yotsuba Group building (Forman, &Zahorjan, 2004, p 214).

Discuss the following problems in relation to the Scots law of Coursework

Discuss the following problems in relation to the Scots law of contract. You must refer to primary sources such as judicial precedent and legislation in your answer - Coursework Example The plaintiff being a chief inspector of police force alleged that the defendant had violated this section by offering the knife for sale. It was held that the display of knife in the defendant’s shop was not an offer but an invitation to treat. Hence, no liability arose. Advertisements are generally regarded as invitation to treat and are not considered as valid offers. However, advertisements can also amount to a general offer which can be accepted by anyone. It depends on the words used in the advertisement whether it is to be treated as an offer or an invitation to treat. In Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company2, the defendants made a product called â€Å"smoke ball† which was claimed to be a cure for influenza. The defendants published an advertisement in various newspapers in which they claimed to pay  £100 to anyone who used their product according to the instructions but still contracted influenza. The plaintiff saw this advertisement and bought one of the balls. She used it three times daily for almost two months but contracted the flu. She claimed  £100 from the defendants. The defendants rejected her claim arguing that there was no legally binding contracted between them and the plaintiff. The courts held that the advertisement was not a unilateral offer to the whole world but it was open for acceptance for anyone who fulfilled the condition of using the product according to the instructions. The satisfaction of conditions constituted acceptance of this offer. Further, the purchase and use of the smoke ball constituted good consideration. Therefore, the defendants were held liable to pay  £100 to the plaintiff since there was a legally binding contract. Christina’s advertisement was a unilateral offer to anyone who fulfilled the condition of spending  £50 or more in Elegante. Anyone who fulfilled this condition accepted this offer and was entitled to the voucher. David

Expansion Analysis for BMW

Expansion Analysis for BMW 1. Prepare and implement a plan for the collection of primary and secondary data for assessing an area of business of your choice. a. Develop and use a questionnaire and justify its design for a particular purpose. 1.1 Research Topic General Area of interest: Expansion Diversification of Business. Specific sub area of interest: -BMWs expansion in car segment in Mumbai, India. More specific topic of interest: Which type of car segment should BMW expand their business in Mumbai, India. Research Topic BMWs expansion in particular car market segment. 1.1.1 Background BMW entered the Indian market in the year 2006 after their arch rival Mercedes-Benz. Both the German luxury car makers have the maximum market share in the luxury car market segment. Recently Audi has entered their market and is giving both the automobile companies a tough competition. BMW is able to overtake Mercedes-Benz in terms of sales and has been at the top of the luxury car market segment in India since the last four years. Audi is capturing the market segment rapidly with its new cars. So in order to remain at the top of the luxury car segment BMW as to react according to the change in trend and bring out new models to beat its competitors and block the entry of new competitors like Nissan, Porsche, Volkswagen, etc in their market segment. BMW has its sales subsidiary in Gurgaon, Delhi to develop its dealer network in India. BMW has established 14 dealers all over India. Mumbai is one of the largest cities of luxury car market segment in India. The SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufactures) has reported that BMWs sales have grown by 12.76% to 1,020 units in July, 2009. The report also says that BMW has increased its sales by 43% to 3,000 units in 2010. BMW has future plans on increasing their dealership in eight more cities of India. BMWs management team can understand the taste of the Indian consumers based on the research conducted in Mumbai, India. Mumbai being the economic capital of India had the largest number of buyers of luxury cars in India. BMW had opened its first assembly center in Chennai in 2007 by seeing the potential growth in Indian market. BMW is really caution about its product launch in Indian markets because they just dont want to sell cars based on their brand value, but they wish to create better brand value by serving their customers with luxury cars with top of the line features, amazing performance and competing prices. BMW had surprised all its rivals by launching Rolls Royce cars in Indian market after studying the economic growth in India. But they still havent launched the cars of brand Mini because Indian customers are not ready for expensive small cars. BMW has always tried to make their cars on the basis of an idea of being practical and contemporary which has helped them succeed in luxury car segment in India. The firm has also made cars which are fuel efficient and eco-friendly (working on hybrid technology) has boosted their brand value and has helped them find many new customers. http://automobiles.mapsofindia.com/cars/bmw/ 1.1.2 Aim for the Research Project The aim for the research topic is to find out in which market segment should BMW make expansions (produce new models) in Mumbai. 1.1.3 Objectives The objectives for my research are to gather primary information for the research through Descriptive or Survey Research Design with the help of a questionnaire, secondary information via the staffs of the car companies and through companies sites, and conclude by research analysis and present it as a report to the BMWs management team. 1.2Research Leedy (1985) defines research as the manner in which we attempt to solve problems in a systematic effort to push back the frontiers of human ignorance or to confirm the validity of the solution to problems others have presumably resolved. 1.2.1 Research Design Research Design is defined as a framework or blueprint for conducting a marketing research project. It specifies the details of the procedure necessary for attaining the information needed to structure and/or solve marketing research problems. http://destinydawnmarie.blogspot.com/2007/05/research-design.html 1.2.2 Type of Research Design Chosen Descriptive or Survey Research Design is used for the research as it attempts to describe and explain conditions of the present by using many subjects and questionnaires to fully describe a phenomenon. Survey research design /survey methodology is one of the most popular for dissertation research. http://www.dissertation-statistics.com/research-designs.html 1.2.3 Primary Secondary Research The methods used for primary research is Descriptive or Survey Research Design method by which qualitative data is collected through questionnaires. The questionnaire is filled by 100 people visiting the showrooms of BMW, Audi Mercedes-Benz and the data collected is analyzed and a conclusion is made. The questionnaire is designed to know the preference of the type of car segment people prefer to buy. Secondary data is collected from the showroom managers, balance sheet of companies and from the companys site. Using both primary and secondary research a conclusion is drawn and presented in form of a report to the BMW management. 1.2.4 Network Diagram The network diagram is used to show how the market research is carried out and data is analyzed and generated into a report for the management of BMW. PD = Primary Data, SD = Secondary Data Diagram 1: Network Diagram 1.3.1 Questionnaire for Primary Research 1.3.2 Analysis of the Questionnaire The first question was asked to determine the ratio of gender of 100 people who had been a part of this survey. The result showed that out of the population of 100 the ratio of Men: Women were 7:3. The number of female who came to the showroom was 30 and the number of male was 70. Gender: Male = 70 People Female = 30 People Diagram 2: Gender The second question is a general question asked to check how much the Indian people prefer to drive their car. The data collected showed that 95% of the people prefer driving their cars and 5% of the people do not drive their cars. People who like driving their car (Yes) = 95  Ã‚   People who dont drive their car (No) = 5 Diagram 3: People Who Prefer Driving Their Car The third was based on how many cars each one owned who was surveyed. The data collected showed that 1 car was owned by 15 % people, 2 cars were owned by 10% people, 3 cars are owned by 25% people, 4 cars are owned by 10% people, 5 cars owned by 15% people, 6 cars owned by 15% people, 7 cars owned by 5% people, and 8 cars owned by 5% people. Number of cars owned: 1=15 people   2=10 people   3=25people   4=10 people   5=15 people   6=15 people   7=5 people   8= 5 people Diagram 4: Number of Cars Owned The fourth and fifth questions were asked to gather the information for the company to check the preference of what type of car the people who were surveyed preferred. The data collected was tabulated according to the age group. Age Group of People Surveyed and their Preference for the Type of Car Diagram 5: Preference of Type of Car of People of Different Age Group The sixth question was asked to see what price range the Indian customers prefer when they plan to buy a car. Price range of cars (00,000 Rupees) 20-40 = 25 people 40-60 = 40 people 60-80 = 25 people 80-100 = 10 people  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diagram 6: Price Range of cars (00,000 Rs) The data collected showed the price range preferred by the Indian customers. The data showed that 25% people preferred car in the range 20-40 (00,000 Rs.), 40% people preferred car in the range 40-60 (00,000 Rs.), 25% people preferred car in the range 60-80 (00,000 Rs.), and 10% people preferred car in the range 80-100 (00,000 Rs. This data is also essential as this will help the company to make cars according to the taste of their customers. 2. Create information for decision making by summarising data using representative values, and use the results to draw valid and useful conclusions in a business context. a. Analyse the data collected in Task 1 using measures of dispersion, and use to assess an area of business of your choice. b. Use quartiles, percentiles and correlation coefficient, and use these to draw useful conclusions in a business context. 2.1 Quartile, Quartile Range and Quartile Deviation a. Sedan Quartiles Nth Value = = 45 Q1 = Q2 =   Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 39 18 = 21 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 10.5 years b. SUV Quartiles Nth Value = = 35 Q1 =   Q2 = Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 47 32 = 15 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 7.5 years c. Sports Car Quartiles Nth Value = = 20 Q1 = Q2 = Q3 = Quartile Range QR = Q3 Q1 = 38 18 = 20 years Quartile Deviation QD = = 10 years 2.2 Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation Coefficient of Correlation a. Sedan Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 35 Variance = = = 66.67 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 8.16 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.23 b. SUV Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 39.28 = 39 (approx.) Variance = = = 81.71 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 9.04 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.23 c. Sports Car Mean = xÃÅ'†¦ = = = 32.5 Variance = = = 78.75 Standard Deviation = ÃŽ ´ = = = 8.87 Coefficient of Variation = = = 0.27 2.3 Coefficient of Correlation of Pricing and Age Group Sedan Car Correlation Coefficient = r = r = r = r = = = 0.16625701 = 0.17 (approx.) SUV No. of People Age Group (X) Pricing Range (Y) XY X ² Y ² 1 21 35 735 441 1225 2 23 45 1035 529 2025 3 27 45 1215 729 2025 4 27 55 1485 729 3025 5 29 65 1885 841 4225 6 31 75 2325 961 5625 7 31 70 2170 961 4900 8 32 80 2560 1024 6400 9 32 85 2720 1024 7225 10 35 35 1225 1225 1225 11 35 45 1575 1225 2025 12 36 50 1800 1296 2500 13 36 60 2160 1296 3600 14 37 45 1665 1369 2025 15 37 55 2035 1369 3025 16 38 60 2280 1444 3600 17 38 60 2280 1444 3600 18 38 65 2470 1444 4225 19 39 40

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Literary Analysis, Zora Neale Hu

In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, the relationship between Janie and Nanny is one of great dispute over if it is healthy or not. The idea that the most influential person in Janie’s life is also the one who triggered her struggles when she was becoming a woman is sadly ironic. Nanny’s true influence on Janie is brought to light through symbolic, and decaying diction, Biblical, and Greek Mythological allusions, and natural metaphors, by describing Janie’s journey to womanhood, through finding her own opinion, acquiring a stable life from Nanny, her maturation, and what she gained when becoming a woman. Through the use of symbolic diction, decaying diction, and metaphors, Hurston illustrates Janie’s inner struggle around accepting Nanny’s opinions as the correct ones. Inside Janie’s conscious self, â€Å"There is a basin in [her] mind where words float around on thought and thought on sound and sight†¦Ã¢â‚¬  where she can think freely with thoughts that are, â€Å"†¦untouched by words† (24). This is a place where Janie can flourish by thinking about ideas without being inhibited by peer pressure. To truly understand the ideas formed in Janie’s mind, it is necessary for Janie to get in touch with her body and herself. However, through symbolic diction, it is clear that Janie’s impressionability leads her to not completely understand these thoughts; she has not reached the level of maturity necessary for this level of self-reflection. These qualities cause Janie to have the tendency to mirror Nanny’s opinions on issues, even when she internally disagrees with them. This tension is demonstrated when, â€Å"Nanny entered this infinity of conscious pain again on her old knees† (24). The â€Å"conscious pain† (24) which Janie speaks... ... Nanny’s ideals, values, and opinions. Every aspect of Nanny was drilled inside of Janie, and once Nanny died, Janie was finally a free woman. The reason Janie was able to truly become a woman was because she realized that she was able to become a woman because when Nanny died she set her free. During the journey that Janie went through when she became a woman she gained self-knowledge, and understood on a deeper level why Nanny did things. While Janie matured, it looked at first glance like Nanny was hindering her advancement. However, Nanny’s controlling actions were justified by her belief that she was doing the right thing, and that God would look after Janie. It is difficult to become a person unimpeded by what other people think, it took Nanny’s death for Janie to be released of an important influence, and never return to this time in her life.

Airborne Internet †Paper Essay

Airborne Internet is a concept that overlays computer network theory and principles into the transportation realm. The goal is to create information connectivity by providing a general purpose, multi-application data channel for people in transit. It is an approach to provide a general purpose high speed digital network to aviation. In doing so it has the potential to provide significant cost savings for aircrafts operators and the FAA, as it allows the consolidation of many functions into a common data channel. Numerous applications can use the same data channel. It gets its name from the fact that it works like the real internet. AirborneInternetbeganasasupportingtechnologyfor NASA’s Small Aircrafts Transportation System. But there is no reason that A. I should be limited to SATS-class aircraft. All of aviation, and even transportation, has the potential to benefit from A. I. Airborne Internet provide a general purpose data channel that numerous applications can use. By combining application and data functionality over a common data channel, aviation has the potential to significantly reduce costs for equipage on the ground and in the aircraft. The demand for Internet services is exploding and this creates a strong demand for broadband, high data rate service. It is expected that there will soon be a worldwide demand for Internet service in the hundreds of millions. The growth in use of the World Wide Web and electronic commerce will stimulate demand for broadband services.

The Cherokee Princess Myth - Common Family Legends

The Cherokee Princess Myth - Common Family Legends My great-great-grandmother was a Cherokee Indian princess! How many of you have heard a similar statement made by one of your relatives? As soon as you hear that princess label, the red warning flags should go up. While they are sometimes true, stories of Native American ancestry in the family tree are often more fiction than fact. The Story Goes Family stories of Native American ancestry often seem to refer to a Cherokee princess. Whats interesting about this particular legend is that it almost always seems to be a Cherokee princess, rather than Apache, Seminole, Navajo or Sioux - almost as if the phrase Cherokee princess has become a clichà ©. Keep in mind, however, that almost any story of Native American ancestry may be a myth, whether it involves the Cherokee or some other tribe. How it Began During the 20th century it was common for Cherokee men to use an endearing term to refer to their wives that roughly translated as princess. Many people believe this is how princess and Cherokee were joined in the popular Cherokee ancestry myth. Thus, the Cherokee princess may have really existed- not as royalty, but as a beloved and cherished wife. Some people also speculate that the myth was born in an attempt to overcome prejudice. For a white male marrying an Indian woman, a Cherokee princess may have been a little easier to swallow for the rest of the family. Proving or Disproving the Cherokee Princess Myth If you discover a Cherokee Princess story in your family, begin by losing any assumptions that the Native American ancestry, if it exists, has to be Cherokee. Instead, focus your questions and search on the more general goal of determining whether there is any Native American ancestry in the family, something that is usually untrue in the majority of such cases. Begin by asking questions about which specific family member was the one with Native American ancestry (if no one knows, this should throw up another red flag). If nothing else, at least try to narrow down the branch of the family, because the next step is to locate family records such as census records, death records, military records and records of land ownership looking for any clues to racial background. Learn about the area in which your ancestor lived as well, including what Native American tribes may have been there and during what time period. Native American census rolls and membership lists, as well as DNA tests can also potentially help you prove or disprove Native American ancestry in your family tree. See  Tracing Indian Ancestry  for more information. DNA Testing for Native American Ancestry DNA testing for Native American ancestry is generally most accurate if you can find someone on the direct paternal line (Y-DNA) or direct maternal line (mtDNA) to test, but unless you know which ancestor was believed to be Native American and can find a descendant down the direct paternal (father to son) or maternal (mother to daughter) line, it isnt always practical. Autosomal tests look at DNA on all branches of your family tree but, due to recombination, are not always useful if the Native American ancestry is more than 5–6 generations back in your tree. See Proving Native American Ancestry Using DNA by Roberta Estes for a detailed explanation of what DNA can and cant tell you. Research All Possibilities While the Cherokee Indian Princess story is almost guaranteed to be a myth, there is a chance that this cliche stems from some type of Native American ancestry. Treat this as you would any other genealogy search, and thoroughly research those ancestors in all available records.

Improvements Essays

Improvements Essays Improvements Essay Improvements Essay Kevin Cao Professor McQueeney English Composition 1 24 October 2012 Annotated Bibliography In the beginning of her essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, Joanna Mackay says that there are thousands of people that are in need of kidneys and thousands that are willing to sell their kidneys. So what’s stopping these people from getting the kidneys? We are. Our government has prohibited the sale of human organs. The government should not ban this. In fact, they should actually regulate it.People’s lives are on the line because they need these organs immediately. A family member who offers to donate a kidney to another family member could not do so because the government has banned it. The government should regulate the sale of human organs because people are being forced to wait in line for a cadaverous kidney for ten years. â€Å"Were losing some 6,000 people per year to the organ shortage - more than twice the number killed in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks,† says Dav id L.Kaserman, a professor of Economics at Auburn University in Alabama. â€Å"Its completely unethical to let so many people die every year simply because some people think its wrong to pay donors. † People that are in need of a kidney will do anything to obtain one however they could. Once a kidney has stopped working, nothing can be done to revive it. When a person’s kidney has failed, there are only two options to treat it: dialysis or kidney transplantation. Dialysis is temporary and acts as an artificial kidney. Dialysis is very expensive and harsh.Dialysis filters your blood the way a kidney would. It doesn’t work 100%, but it works. People who are being treated with dialysis will be hooked up to a machine for the rest of their lives. When patients undergo dialysis, they should not add any stress because it will make them feel very faint and tired. Adding stress will keep you from doing your daily routines. Joanna MacKay says in her essay, â€Å"in the y ear 2000 alone, 2,583 Americans died while waiting for a kidney transplant; worldwide the number of deaths is around 50,000 (93).If governments had regulated the sale of human organs, these people would have lived. People who offer to donate a kidney should be able to. The government should not be able to deny these people’s request. Mackay, Joanna. â€Å"Organ Sales Will Save Lives. † Norton Field Guide to Writing with Readings. Ed. Richard Bullock and Maureen Daly Goggin. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2010. 92-96. Print. Hansen, Brian. â€Å"Organ Shortage. † CQ Researcher. 21 Feb. 2003. Web. 24 Mar. 2003.

History, The Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919 Essay

History, The Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919 - Essay Example Nicolson, who was a member of the British delegation to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, offers an important view of the peace process that resulted in the Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919. Significantly, the author deals with the transitional phase between pre-war and post-war diplomacy and throws some light on the Paris Peace Conference. In the book, Nicolson presents his theses in the background of his memory concerning those congested days and offers a convincing explanation of the major consequences of the peace treaty. His main thesis of the book is that â€Å"Given the atmosphere of the time, given the passions aroused in all democracies by four years of war, it would have been impossible even for supermen to devise a peace of moderation and righteousness†¦ All that I hope to suggest is that human error is a permanent and not a periodic factor in history, and that future negotiators will be exposed, however noble their intentions, to futilities of intention and omissio n as grave as any which characterized the Council Five.† (Nicolson, 2001. P. 7-8). Therefore, the recollections of the British diplomat Nicolson in the form of the book Peacemaking 1919 has great relevance in realizing the consequences of the Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919. Similarly, the legendary economist of the 20th century, Maynard John Keynes, offers an essential treatise of social science in the book The Economic Consequences of the Peace. This paper makes a reflective exploration of these two important books about the Versailles Peace Treaty of 1919 in order to summarize the major arguments of the works, placing the works within the historical context of the period in which they were written. The Economic Consequences of the Peace by the legendary economist John Maynard Keynes is generally regarded as the most influential social science treatise of the 20th century, and this

How Title IX has Affected Public Policies in the U.S Research Paper

How Title IX has Affected Public Policies in the U.S - Research Paper Example Membership in women’s athletics has grown due to numerous factors. The leading cause is the far-reaching transformation in society’s treatment of and outlooks toward women, as well as a new awareness of women of their own athletic abilities and involvement (Mezey & Gluck 2003). Basically, the boost in membership of women in athletic programs and the increase in public policies addressing sex discrimination in education institutions began since the inception of Title IX. History of Title IX The Congress in 1972 endorsed Title IX of the Educational Amendments. Since 1972, the development toward sex equity in school athletic programs has been notable, although not without its problems, limitations, and flaws. Although the first guideline about the execution of Title IX was not made public until 1975 and colleges and high schools were granted until 1978 to meet the terms, its enactment conveyed a direct notice to athletic courses all over the nation (Carpenter & Acosta 2005 ). The law at this time clearly declared that women cannot be singled out or unfairly treated in any school activity or program where the school obtained federal support. Soon after, participation of women in athletic programs skyrocketed (Zimbalist 1999, 58): In 1971, 294,015 girls participated in high school sports; that number increased 2.8 times to 817,073 in 1973, and to 2.08 million in 1978. At the college level, 31,852 took part in varsity sports in 1971, and by 1977 the number had more than doubled to 64,375. Nevertheless, this initial thrust was not maintained as incompetent implementation machinery and legal barriers weakened the prospects of Title IX. The Office of Civil Rights (OCR) of the U.S. Department of Education, the department assigned to address sex... How Title IX has Affected Public Policies in the U.S.? Title IX has indeed changed public policy in the United States. Thus, this essay discusses how Title IX has influenced American public policy. The existence of legal alternatives resulted in a heightened dependence on the legal institution to resolve the issue of sex discrimination. Women filed cases against unfair treatment and they were frequently victorious in their lawsuits. Yet, all over the mid-1980s, a series of problems overwhelmed the women’s movement (Blumenthal 2005). The unsuccessful ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment and constraints inflicted on the implementation of Title IX by the Grove City College—the school that declined to recognize a Title IX agreement form-- resolution of the Supreme Court brought the condition at a deadlock all over this period (Zimbalist 1999). Title IX has considerably enhanced employment and educational prospects for women. However, assessing the benefits and inequalities confirms that Title IX should be reinforced and implemented. The Office of Civil Rights should be aggressive and oblige schools to release information that shows how they have supported Title IX provisions. But, most importantly, public policy in the United States has been informed of the entire scope of Title IX safeguard, the benefits that women have gained consequently, and the problems that still exist. The effect of Title IX on civil rights policy and on the larger policy process cannot be miscalculated.